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تحميل كتاب Parasites PDF
نبذة عن كتاب Parasites
كتاب Parasites
نبذه عن الكتاب: A. Protozoa 1. GI/GU a. Cryptosporidium 1) Appearance: cysts are small, stain pink in stool specimens 2) Lab assays: stool O&P 3) Virulence factors: none significant 4) Epidemiology: ubiquitous but typically causes disease in AIDS patients 5) Clinical Diseases: watery diarrhea, causes severe malabsorption in AIDS patients 6) Treatment: supportive and immune reconstitution— nitazoxanide may have a role 7) Resistance: none 8) Prophylaxis: boil or filter water, chlorination does not work b. Entamoeba histolytica 1) Appearance: two phases of life-cycle: cyst has four nuclei, trophozoite has one nucleus and is not flagellated and often contains ingested red blood cells (see Figure 4.1) 2) Lab assays: stool O&P should reveal cyst or trophozoite, anti-amoeba antibody titers are diagnostically useful 3) Virulence factors: none significant 4) Epidemiology: fecal-oral transmission 5) Clinical Diseases: amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscess 6) Treatment: metronidazole followed by iodoquinol or paromomycin—the latter are necessary to kill encysted organisms in the bowel lumen that are not killed by metronidazole 7) Resistance: none 8) Prophylaxis: boil or filter water, chlorination has no effect, careful hand-washing and separation of human wastes from crop fields (don’t fertilize crops with human feces) c. Giardia lamblia 1) Appearance: two phases of life cycle: cyst has four nuclei and has a thicker wall than Entamoeba, trophozoite is oval with two nuclei and has four pairs of flagella (see Figure 4.2) 2) Lab assays: stool O&P, string test = patient swallows a string down into the duodenum while the physician holds onto the far end and then pulls the string back up out of the mouth, revealing the trophozoites stuck onto the string 3) Virulence factors: none significant 4) Epidemiology: fecal-oral transmission, often via streams in the wilderness as many animals carry Giardia as well, classic .هذا الكتاب من تأليف غير معروف و حقوق الكتاب محفوظة لصاحبها
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