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تحميل كتاب Booklet Poultry Diseases pdf
المؤلف : ليس له مؤلف
عن الكتاب : تحميل كتاب Booklet Poultry Diseases pdf تأليف ليس له مؤلف pdf مجانا ... IMPORTANT POULTRY DISEASES
5
4
Infectious Respiratory diseases
Aspergillosis
10
Avain Influenza
12
Avian Metapneumovirus Rhinotracheitis/TRT
14
Infectious Bronchitis
16
Infectious Coryza 20
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
22
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum “CRD”
27
Mycoplasma Synoviae 30
Newcastle Disease
32
Neoplastic Diseases
Lymphoid Leucosis
36
Marek’s disease
38
Avian Adeno virus Diseases
Egg Drop Syndrome ‘76
44
Inclusion Body Hepatitis
48
Miscellaneous Viral Diseases
Avian Encephalomyelitis
54
Chicken Anaemia Virus 58
Fowl Pox
60
Infectious Bursal Disease
62
Malabsorbtion Syndrome/ Runting Stunting Syndrome
66
Reo virus infections
68
Contents
Contents
Miscellaneous Bacterial Diseases
Colibacilosis 72
Fowl Cholera
76
Infectious Synovitis 78
Necrotic Enteritis
80
Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale (OR)
84
Pullorum disease/Fowl Typhoid
86
Parasitic Diseases
Blackhead
90
Coccidiosis
92
Red Mite 96
Worms
98
Deficiency Diseases
Riboflavin
102
VitaminD3
103
VitaminE
104
Food Safety in Poultry
Introduction
106
Salmonellosis 106
Campylobacter
111
Diagnostics and Sampling
115
7
6
Foreword
Foreword
Foreword
The first edition of Intervet’s “Important Poultry Diseases” was in 1972 and still it is one of our most wanted publications. An easy to handle and practical booklet for basic understanding of the most important poultry diseases for people working in poultry management.
This is the fifth updated version printed in 2013 with new additional information based on the new developments in Poultry Diseases and progress of the MSD Animal Health Poultry Research in developing additional new products.
MSD Animal Health Research is committed to co-operate with the poultry industry worldwide to develop and support solutions to control poultry diseases. MSD Animal Health is more than vaccines alone.
For detailed information of any of our products please contact the local MSD Animal Health representative or Intervet International BV– part of MSD Animal Health.
Intervet International BV Boxmeer- Holland, P.O. Box 31
5830 AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands
Phone +31 485587600 - Fax +31 485577333
E-mail [email protected] - www.merck.com
9
8
Infectious Respiratory diseases
Infectious Respiratory diseases
Infectious Respiratory diseases
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11
10
Infectious Respiratory diseases Aspergillosis
Infectious Respiratory diseases Aspergillosis
Treatment and control
There no specific treatment for infected birds. The best is to remove and destroy a
!
ected birds.
Strict hygiene in breeder (hatching eggs) and hatchery management is necessary. Choice and quality of litter is also important to prevent that spore bearing wood shavings or straw are used.
Hatchery control with anti-fungal disinfectant may be critical to cleaning and disinfection procedures to control fungus infection.
Gross lesions of the lungs
Aspergillosis (Fungal Pneumonia)
Cause
The principal fungus causing Aspergillosis in poultry is Aspergillus fumigatus
.
Transmission
Transmission is by inhalation of fungus spores from contaminated litter (e.g. wood shavings, straw) or contaminated feed. Hatcheries may also contribute to infection of chicks.
Species a
!
ected
Young chickens are very susceptible. Older chickens are more resistant to infection. Turkey poults, pheasants, quails, ducklings, and goslings may also become infected.
Clinical signs
Infected chickens are depressed and thirsty. Gasping and rapid breathing can be observed. Mortality is variable, from 5 to 50 %. Gross lesions involve the lungs and airsacs primarily. Yellow-white pin head sized lesions can be found. Sometimes all body cavities are filled with small yellow-green granular fungus growth.
Diagnosis
The presence of Aspergillus fumigatus
can be identified microscopically or sometimes even with the naked eye in the air passages of the lungs, in the airsacs or in lesions of the abdominal cavity. Aspergillosis can be confirmed by isolation and identification of the fungus from lesions.
13
12
Infectious Respiratory diseases Avian Influenza
Infectious Respiratory diseases Avian Influenza
Avian Influenza (AI)
Cause
Avian Influenza is caused by an Orthomyxovirus
; there are several serotypes.
Currently we know there are 16 H- types and 9 N-types and they can show up in all kinds of combinations. For poultry the most important ones are H5, H7 and H9. Pathogenicity varies with the strains HPAI and LPAI (high or low pathogenic AI).
Transmission
AI virus is excreted from nares, mouth, conjunctiva and cloaca. Airborne virus particles from the respiratory tract, droppings, and people carrying virus on their clothing and equipment are the main routes of transmission. Migratory water fowl and other wild birds infected with AI virus may be a source of infection.
Species a
!
ected
Avian Influenza viruses have been shown to naturally infect a wide variety of wild and domestic birds. In poultry production main problems are in chickens, turkeys and ducks.
Clinical signs
Clinical signs will vary, depending on the pathogenicity (HPAI and LPAI) of AI virus involved and other factors as host species, sex, concurrent infections, acquired immunity and environmental factors.
LPAI shows generally mild symptoms: respiratory coughing sneezing, wet eyes, nasal discharge depression, lethargy limited reduction of feed intake and limited drop in egg production; low mortality rate.
HPAI shows fast onset with increased mortality even before clinical signs are seen, depression, drop in feed and water intake, severe drop in egg production and mortality can vary between 50-90%.
Diagnosis
Clinical signs are indicative for AI; final confirmation by laboratory testing:
-
Direct detection of AI proteins or Nucleic acids(RNA) using PCR.
-
Virus isolation from infected organs, tracheal or cloacal swabs.
-
Serology from blood samples after infection and for routine monitoring showing specific AI antibodies.
Treatment
There is no treatment for Avian Influenza. Antibiotics will help to control secondary bacterial infections.
Prevention and control
In many countries AI is a notifiable disease with specific local regulations on its control.
In AI free areas the disease(LPAI and HPAI) is controlled by monitoring and stamping out.
In case of LPAI infected areas countries can decide to allow vaccination only for LPAI.
In case of endemic HPAI and/or LPAI vaccination might be allowed.
Vaccination is generally done with inactivated AI vaccines based on the strain H-type causing the outbreaks
............... .
أعلان
عن الكتاب
تحميل كتاب Booklet Poultry Diseases pdf تأليف ليس له مؤلف pdf مجانا ... IMPORTANT POULTRY DISEASES
5
4
Infectious Respiratory diseases
Aspergillosis
10
Avain Influenza
12
Avian Metapneumovirus Rhinotracheitis/TRT
14
Infectious Bronchitis
16
Infectious Coryza 20
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
22
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum “CRD”
27
Mycoplasma Synoviae 30
Newcastle Disease
32
Neoplastic Diseases
Lymphoid Leucosis
36
Marek’s disease
38
Avian Adeno virus Diseases
Egg Drop Syndrome ‘76
44
Inclusion Body Hepatitis
48
Miscellaneous Viral Diseases
Avian Encephalomyelitis
54
Chicken Anaemia Virus 58
Fowl Pox
60
Infectious Bursal Disease
62
Malabsorbtion Syndrome/ Runting Stunting Syndrome
66
Reo virus infections
68
Contents
Contents
Miscellaneous Bacterial Diseases
Colibacilosis 72
Fowl Cholera
76
Infectious Synovitis 78
Necrotic Enteritis
80
Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale (OR)
84
Pullorum disease/Fowl Typhoid
86
Parasitic Diseases
Blackhead
90
Coccidiosis
92
Red Mite 96
Worms
98
Deficiency Diseases
Riboflavin
102
VitaminD3
103
VitaminE
104
Food Safety in Poultry
Introduction
106
Salmonellosis 106
Campylobacter
111
Diagnostics and Sampling
115
7
6
Foreword
Foreword
Foreword
The first edition of Intervet’s “Important Poultry Diseases” was in 1972 and still it is one of our most wanted publications. An easy to handle and practical booklet for basic understanding of the most important poultry diseases for people working in poultry management.
This is the fifth updated version printed in 2013 with new additional information based on the new developments in Poultry Diseases and progress of the MSD Animal Health Poultry Research in developing additional new products.
MSD Animal Health Research is committed to co-operate with the poultry industry worldwide to develop and support solutions to control poultry diseases. MSD Animal Health is more than vaccines alone.
For detailed information of any of our products please contact the local MSD Animal Health representative or Intervet International BV– part of MSD Animal Health.
Intervet International BV Boxmeer- Holland, P.O. Box 31
5830 AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands
Phone +31 485587600 - Fax +31 485577333
E-mail [email protected] - www.merck.com
9
8
Infectious Respiratory diseases
Infectious Respiratory diseases
Infectious Respiratory diseases
t"TQFSHJMMPTJT
t"WBJO*OnVFO[B
t"WJBONFUBQOFVNPWJSVT3IJOPUSBDIFJUJT535
t*OGFDUJPVT#SPODIJUJT
t*OGFDUJPVT$PSZ[B
t*OGFDUJPVT-BSZOHPUSBDIFJUJT
t.ZDPQMBTNB(BMMJTFQUJDVNw$3%w
t.ZDPQMBTNB4ZOPWJBF
t/FXDBTUMF%JTFBTF
11
10
Infectious Respiratory diseases Aspergillosis
Infectious Respiratory diseases Aspergillosis
Treatment and control
There no specific treatment for infected birds. The best is to remove and destroy a
!
ected birds.
Strict hygiene in breeder (hatching eggs) and hatchery management is necessary. Choice and quality of litter is also important to prevent that spore bearing wood shavings or straw are used.
Hatchery control with anti-fungal disinfectant may be critical to cleaning and disinfection procedures to control fungus infection.
Gross lesions of the lungs
Aspergillosis (Fungal Pneumonia)
Cause
The principal fungus causing Aspergillosis in poultry is Aspergillus fumigatus
.
Transmission
Transmission is by inhalation of fungus spores from contaminated litter (e.g. wood shavings, straw) or contaminated feed. Hatcheries may also contribute to infection of chicks.
Species a
!
ected
Young chickens are very susceptible. Older chickens are more resistant to infection. Turkey poults, pheasants, quails, ducklings, and goslings may also become infected.
Clinical signs
Infected chickens are depressed and thirsty. Gasping and rapid breathing can be observed. Mortality is variable, from 5 to 50 %. Gross lesions involve the lungs and airsacs primarily. Yellow-white pin head sized lesions can be found. Sometimes all body cavities are filled with small yellow-green granular fungus growth.
Diagnosis
The presence of Aspergillus fumigatus
can be identified microscopically or sometimes even with the naked eye in the air passages of the lungs, in the airsacs or in lesions of the abdominal cavity. Aspergillosis can be confirmed by isolation and identification of the fungus from lesions.
13
12
Infectious Respiratory diseases Avian Influenza
Infectious Respiratory diseases Avian Influenza
Avian Influenza (AI)
Cause
Avian Influenza is caused by an Orthomyxovirus
; there are several serotypes.
Currently we know there are 16 H- types and 9 N-types and they can show up in all kinds of combinations. For poultry the most important ones are H5, H7 and H9. Pathogenicity varies with the strains HPAI and LPAI (high or low pathogenic AI).
Transmission
AI virus is excreted from nares, mouth, conjunctiva and cloaca. Airborne virus particles from the respiratory tract, droppings, and people carrying virus on their clothing and equipment are the main routes of transmission. Migratory water fowl and other wild birds infected with AI virus may be a source of infection.
Species a
!
ected
Avian Influenza viruses have been shown to naturally infect a wide variety of wild and domestic birds. In poultry production main problems are in chickens, turkeys and ducks.
Clinical signs
Clinical signs will vary, depending on the pathogenicity (HPAI and LPAI) of AI virus involved and other factors as host species, sex, concurrent infections, acquired immunity and environmental factors.
LPAI shows generally mild symptoms: respiratory coughing sneezing, wet eyes, nasal discharge depression, lethargy limited reduction of feed intake and limited drop in egg production; low mortality rate.
HPAI shows fast onset with increased mortality even before clinical signs are seen, depression, drop in feed and water intake, severe drop in egg production and mortality can vary between 50-90%.
Diagnosis
Clinical signs are indicative for AI; final confirmation by laboratory testing:
-
Direct detection of AI proteins or Nucleic acids(RNA) using PCR.
-
Virus isolation from infected organs, tracheal or cloacal swabs.
-
Serology from blood samples after infection and for routine monitoring showing specific AI antibodies.
Treatment
There is no treatment for Avian Influenza. Antibiotics will help to control secondary bacterial infections.
Prevention and control
In many countries AI is a notifiable disease with specific local regulations on its control.
In AI free areas the disease(LPAI and HPAI) is controlled by monitoring and stamping out.
In case of LPAI infected areas countries can decide to allow vaccination only for LPAI.
In case of endemic HPAI and/or LPAI vaccination might be allowed.
Vaccination is generally done with inactivated AI vaccines based on the strain H-type causing the outbreaks
............... .
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